// **********************************************************
//
//  WordLetterCount.cpp
//
//  This program counts the number of words and the number
//  of occurrences of each letter in a line of input.
//
// **********************************************************

#include <iostream>
#include <cctype>

using namespace std;

void readAndCount (int &numWords, int letterCount[]);
// Reads a line of input. Counts the words and the number
// of occurrences of each letter.

void outputLetterCounts (int letterCount[]);
// Prints the number of occurrences of each letter that
// appears in the input line.


// =========================
//      main function
// =========================
int main()
{
    int numWords;
    int letterCount[26];  // stores the frequency of each letter

    cout << endl;
    cout << "Enter a line of text.." << endl << endl;

    readAndCount (numWords, letterCount);

    cout << endl;
    cout << numWords << " words" << endl;
    outputLetterCounts(letterCount);
 
    return 0;
}

// =========================
//   Function Definitions
// =========================

void readAndCount (int &numWords, int letterCount[])
{
	bool inAword; // true if current char part of a word
	char ch;
	numWords = 0;
	for ( int i = 0; i < 26; i++ ) letterCount[i] = 0; // initialize array contents to 0
	inAword = false;

	cin.get(ch);
	while ( ch != '\n')
	{
		if ( isalpha(ch) )
		{
			ch = tolower(ch);
			letterCount[ch - 'a']++; // increments array index ASCII letter value by 1
			inAword = true;
		} else {
			if (inAword) numWords++;
			inAword = false;
		}
		cin.get(ch);
	}
	
	// count last word
	if (inAword) numWords++;

}

void outputLetterCounts(int letterCount[])
{
    for (int i = 0; i < 26; i++)
    {
        if (letterCount[i] > 0)
        {
            cout << letterCount[i] << " " << char('a' + i) << endl;
        }
    }
}