Solaris

Welcome to my Solaris 10 notes

Components of Sun OS

Three components of Sun OS

• Kernel - the core of Sun OS and manages all physical resources of the computer
• Shell - a command interpreter and interfaces between user and kernel
• Directory Hierarchy

Default shells

Sun OS default primary shells:

• Bourne shell - original unix system shell and default for root user. regular user prompt is $ and root is #
• C shell - command line history, aliasing, and job control. default regular user is hostname% and root is hostname#
• Korn Shell - superset of Bourne shell plus C shell like features and enhancements. command line history, aliasing, job control, and command line editing default regular prompt is $ and root is #

Sun OS contains three alternative shells:

• Bash shell - GNU project Bourne Again SHell is bourne compatible shell that contains handy features from Korn and C shell.
• Z shell - resembles Korn shell plus enhancements
• TC shell - C compatible shell plus enhancements

Logging into Sun OS

All users must log into system

Desktop login

Use direct login or options

password requirements 6-8 characters, contain at least two alpha characters and one numerical or special character. cannot be same as user login name, different than last password by at least three characters, reverse of user login name password requirements don't apply to root user or regular user password set by root user

Desktop Environment

Solaris 10 includes Common Desktop Environment (CDE) and Java Desktop System (JDS) desktop environments.

Command Line

Run command line in a terminal window

Use Unix system commands to instruct the computing system to perform specific tasks

Commands can be executed with or without options or arguments

Unix command syntax is the order and structure of command line components.

Unix command line syntax = [command] [options] [arguments]

• command determines what system will execute
• option determines how command will run and always begins with - and are case sensitive, can use multiple options, combine options into one - or use a - for each option
• argument determines what command will affect

Multiple commands can be entered on one command line by using semi-colon(;) between each command.

Basic Solaris 10 commands

<populate>

man pages

display man page by typing man command

Syntax:

• $ man command
• $ man option command
• $ man option filename

Navigating man page

• Space bar = page forward
• Return = line forward
• b = page backward
• /pattern = to perform a forward pattern search
• n = to move to next pattern match, must be proceeded with /pattern search
• h = provides navigation help
• q = quit man page

Searching man pages

This searches all man pages. To search while inside a man page see Navigating a man page pattern search.

Search by section syntax:

• man -s number [command|filename]

Search by keyword syntax:

• man -k keyword

Directories

A directory is a list of references to objects

Objects include files, sub-directories, and symbolic links

Each reference consists of a name and number

The name of object is used to identify & access object

The number specifies the inode. inode stores information about the object

pwd command shows current directory path

ls commands displays contents of current directory

Syntax:

• ls
• ls -options
• ls -options filename
• ls -options path_2_different_directory

<describe some common options, put screenshot of a long listing> -a

-l

-la

-ld directory

-R

-F cover output /(directory), *(executable), none, @(symbolic link))

Use file command to determine certain file types

Syntax:

• file filename

Navigating directories

Initial login is set to home directory

Navigate using cd command

Syntax:

• cd directory

Using cd without options or arguments moves to home directory (some shells use cd ~)

path name abbreviations . = current or working directory .. = parent directory

cd .. moves to parent directory

cd ../.. moves up two parent directories, you can use /.. to move up more parent directories

use absolute or relative path names to navigate directories

cd absolute_path_name

cd relative_path_name

Files

Commands to view file in read-only format:

• cat (displays one or more text files without pausing)
• more (displays text files one page at a time, to navigate use man navigation keys)
• tail (displays last 10 lines of a text file,use -n or +n to change number of lines, replace n with an integer, -n displays n lines from end of file while +n displays file contents from line n to end of file)
• head (displays first 10 lines of a text file, use -n to change number of lines, replace n with an integer)
• wc (-l line count, -w word count, -c byte count, -m character count)

<add more detail about each command>

Printing files

Print using lp command

Syntax:

• lp options filename

Options:

• -d destination (use while not printing to default printer)
• -o nobanner (no banner is printed)
• -n number (number of copies)
• -m (sends mail message to owner after print job is complete)

Display status of all user print requests

Syntax:

• lpstat -options printername

Options:

• -p (status of all printers)
• -o (status of all output requests)
• -d (status of default printer)
• -t (extended status of all printers)
• -s (status summary of all printers)
• -a (identifies which printers are accepting print requests)

Status response from lpstat command:

• request-ID = name of the printer and job number
• user-ID = name of user accessing the printer
• file size = output size in bytes
• date/time = current date and time
• status = status of print request

Cancel print requests

Syntax:

• cancel request-ID
• cancel -u username

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